What works and how it works in women empowerment: Experience from Community Research and Development Services in Monduli District, Arusha, Tanzania

Abstract

Women’s empowerment is a global concern aimed at reducing gender gaps to ensure equality within communities. Despite efforts by governments and organizations to promote gender equality and alleviate poverty, women in pastoralist societies, such as those in Monduli District, Tanzania, continue to face gender-based violence, discrimination in asset ownership, and high poverty levels. This study investigates whether empowerment strategies are inclusive, whether livelihood activities align with community needs, and the observable impacts of these activities. A mixed-methods approach was used, collecting data from 201 survey respondents, eight focus group discussions (FGDs), and six key informants. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were applied to quantitative data, complemented by thematic analysis of qualitative data. Results indicate that strategies such as involving government leaders and men, selecting the poorest women, providing training, seed capital, and monitoring significantly enhance project sustainability (p < 0.05). Livelihood activities, including goat fattening and selling essential goods, were associated with improved household economic outcomes (p < 0.01). The study concludes that context-specific strategies, coupled with training and monitoring, are critical for sustainable women’s empowerment. It recommends that governments and organizations conduct community-based research to tailor empowerment strategies to local needs.